High School Graduation Rates For Toronto District School...

Students from racialized backgrounds face robust barriers to their success in high schools. While high school graduation rates are raising as a whole, students from racialized background are graduating high school less that their peers of the dominant racial group. These students have many different variables that limit their educational outcomes. â€Å"While education is the institution used in America to distribute social status and economic power, and facilitate how society functions, it has not been accepted or provided equal opportunity to all members of society.†(Boyd, Gordon, Iwamoto, Potts, Ward, 2009) The intention of this paper is to draw attention to the disportionality rates of high school graduation rates for Toronto District School Board (TDSB) students from racial backgrounds, students born outside of Canada, students with a native language other than English and lower than average post-secondary education acceptance rates for LGTBQ youth. The Toronto District School Board is the 4th largest school board in North America. In the TDSB 27% of students are born outside of Canada. Less than half of their students (43%) learned English as their native language and the TDSB boasts over 75 languages that are spoken in homes of students. (Toronto District School Board, 2014) With such a diverse student population, achievement gaps have become apparent in data collected in various internal and external reports on student achievement. Students from racial backgrounds,Show MoreRelated_x000C_Introduction to Statistics and Data Analysis355457 Words   |  1422 PagesIntroduction to Statistics and Data Analysis This page intentionally left blank Introduction to Statistics and Data Analysis Third Edition Roxy Peck California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo Chris Olsen George Washington High School, Cedar Rapids, IA Jay Devore California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo Australia †¢ Brazil †¢ Canada †¢ Mexico †¢ Singapore †¢ Spain †¢ United Kingdom †¢ United States Introduction to Statistics and Data Analysis, Third EditionRead MoreI Love Reading Essay69689 Words   |  279 Pages ‘Entrepreneurship’ 2003, McGraw Hill, page 13; see also ‘Entrepreneurial Management: In Pursuit of Opportunity’, The Intellectual Venture Capitalist: John H. McArthur and the work of the Harvard Business School, 1980-1995 (Ed. Thomas K. McCraw and Jeffrey L. Cruikshank. Harvard Business School Press, 1999); insight provided by Mohit Malik, Innova Consulting, New Delhi; coinage of the term is also attributed to the economist Jean Baptiste Say 3 See McCraw et al in supra note 2 as above; see alsoRead MoreMonsanto: Better Living Through Genetic Engineering96204 Words   |  385 Pages441 441 CASE STUDIES A summary of the case analysis I N T R O D U C T I O N Preparing an effective case analysis: The full story Hearing with the aid of implanted technology: The case of Cochlearâ„ ¢ – an Australian C A S E O N E high-technology leader Delta Faucet: Global entrepreneurship in an emerging market C A S E T W O DaimlerChrysler: Corporate governance dynamics in a global company C A S E T H R E E Gunns and the greens: Governance issues in Tasmania C A S E F O U R Succeeding in theRead MoreProject Managment Case Studies214937 Words   |  860 Pagesdesign a project management stage-gate model for Fems. 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Question Has Social Networking Improved the Quality of...

Social networking has had a major influence on society in the 21st century, enabling citizens to engage with each other in radically new and different ways. According to Brown (2011), we can fall in love online, create friendships, attend parties in other countries – all without leaving the comfort (and anonymity) of our armchair. And while the Generation Ys and Xs in our society are leading the adoption of the emerging social networking websites, it has been noted that the older generations are now catching up, with the strongest recent growth in usage among the 55 and 65 age group (Burbary 2010). So what does this apparent ‘revolution’ mean for society? How is social networking changing the way people relate to each other, and†¦show more content†¦According to Wael Ghonim, a key activist in the Egyptian uprising: This revolution started [...] in June 2010 when hundreds of thousands of Egyptians started collaborating content. We would post a video on Facebook that would be shared by 60,000 people on their walls within a few hours. Ive always said that if you want to liberate a society just give them the Internet (cited in Huffington Post, 2011) Clay Shirky, a major commentator on social media is most optimistic about the potential of the new networking technologies to bring about significant social change. Shirky suggests that the distinguishing feature of web 2.0 technologies is that they have moved beyond the 20th century paradigm of passive media consumption to one of active participation. This shift from consumption to action, Shirky argues, has the potential to free up human creativity, and to be a spur for major collective change: Our social tools are not an improvement to modern society†, he says; â€Å"they are a challenge to it† (Shirky 2008, p.25). While social networking has become justly famous in the world of politics and social struggle, its more common and widespread use is in the more local domain of personal relationships. In this area we can also see many positive developments. On a basic level, social networking sites have proven to be a veryShow MoreRelatedMarisol Martinez Is A Recruiter For Basf Corporation For1403 Words   |  6 PagesMarisol Martinez is a recruiter for BASF Corporation for the last six years; however, she has been working in Human Resources for seventeen years all together. BASF stands for Badische Anilin und Soda Fabrik, they are a German company and per their website; they create chemistry through the power of connected minds. By balancing economic success with environmental protection and social responsibility, they build a more sustainable future through chemistry. As the world’s leading chemical companyRead MoreInternet Security Why Bother?859 Words   |  4 PagesInternet Securityâ⠂¬ ¦ why bother? 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Carrie Chapter Eight Free Essays

She lay on her bed, looking at the ceiling, sweating. ‘Carrie! Supper!’ ‘Thank you, (i am not afraid) Momma.’ She got up and fixed her hair with a dark-blue headband. We will write a custom essay sample on Carrie Chapter Eight or any similar topic only for you Order Now Then she went downstairs From The Shadow Exploded (p. 59): How apparent was Carrie’s ‘wild talent’ and what did Margaret White, with her extreme Christian ethic, think of it? We shall probably never know. But one is tempted to believe that Mrs White’s reaction must have been extreme †¦ ‘You haven’t touched your pie, Carrie.’ Momma looked up from the tract she had been perusing while she drank her Constant Comment. ‘It’s homemade.’ ‘It makes me have pimples, Momma.’ ‘Your pimples are the Lord’s way of chastising you. Now eat your pie.’ ‘Momma?’ ‘Yes?’ Carrie plunged. ‘I’ve been invited to the Spring Ball next Friday by Tommy Ross-‘ The tract was forgotten. Momma was staring at her with wide my ears-are-deceiving-me eyes. Her nostrils flared like those of a horse that has heard the dry rattle of a snake. Carrie tried to swallow an obstruction and only (i am not afraid o yes i am) got rid of part of it. ‘-and he’s a very nice boy. He’s promised to stop in and meet you before and-‘ ‘No.’ ‘-to have me in by eleven. I’ve-‘ ‘No, no, no!’ ‘-accepted. Momma, please see that I have to start to, to try and get along with the world. I’m not like you. I’m funny – I mean, the kids think I’m funny. I don’t want to be. I want to try and be a whole person before it’s too late to-‘ Mrs White threw her tea in Carrie’s face. It was only lukewarm, but it could not have shut of Carrie’s words more suddenly if it had been scalding. She sat numbly, the amber fluid dripping from her chin and cheeks on to her white blouse, spreading. It was sticky and smelled like cinnamon. Mrs White sat trembling, her face frozen except for her nostrils, which continued to flare. Abruptly she threw back her head and screamed at the ceiling. ‘God! God! God!’ Her jaw snapped brutally over each syllable. Carrie sat without moving. Mrs White got up and came around the table. Her hands were hooked into shaking claws. Her face bore a half-mad expression of compassion mixed with hate. ‘The closet,’ she said. ‘Go to your closet and pray.’ ‘No, Momma.’ ‘Boys. Yes, boys come next. After the blood the boys come. Like sniffing dogs, grinning and slobbering, trying to find out where that smell is. That †¦ smell!’ She swung her whole arm into the blow, and the sound of her palm against Carrie’s face (o god i am so afraid now) was like that flat sound of a leather belt being snapped in air. Carrie remained seated, although her upper body swayed. The mark on her cheek was first white, then blood red. ‘The mark,’ Mrs White said. Her eyes were large but blank, she was breathing in rapid, snatching gulps of air. She seemed to be talking to herself as the claw hand descended on to Carrie’s shoulder and pulled her out of her chair. ‘I’ve seen it, all right. Oh yes. But. I. Never. Did. But for him. He. Took. Me . . .’ She paused, her eyes wandering vaguely toward the ceiling. Carrie was terrified. Momma seemed in the throes of some great revelation which might destroy her. ‘Momma-‘ ‘In cars. Oh, I know where they take you in their arms. City limits. Roadhouses. Whiskey. Smelling †¦ oh they smell it on you!’ Her voice rose to a scream. Tendons stood out on her neck, and her head twisted in a questing upward rotation. ‘Momma, you better stop.’ This seemed to snap her back to some kind of hazy reality. Her lips twitched in a kind of elementary surprise and she halted, as if groping for old bearings in a new world. ‘The closet,’ she, muttered. ‘Go to your closet and pray. ‘No.’ Momma raised her hand to strike. ‘No!’ The hand stopped in the dead air. Momma stared up at it, as if to confirm that it was still there, and whole. The pie pan suddenly rose from the trivet on the table and hurled itself across the room to impact beside the living-room door in a splash of blueberry drool. ‘I’m going, Momma!’ Momma’s overturned teacup rose and flew past her head to shatter above the stove. Momma shrieked and dropped to her knees with her hands over her head. ‘Devil’s child,’ she moaned. ‘Devil’s child. Satan spawn-‘ ‘Momma, stand up.’ ‘Lust and licentiousness, the cravings of the flesh-‘ ‘Stand up!’ Momma’s voice faded her but she did stand up, with her hands still on her head, like a prisoner of war. Her lips moved. To Carrie she seemed to be reciting the Lord’s ]Prayer. ‘I don’t want to fight with you, Momma,’ Carrie said, and her voice almost broke from her and dissolved. She struggled to control it. ‘I only want to be let to live my own life. I†¦ I don’t like yours.’ She stopped, horrified in spite of herself. The ultimate blasphemy had been spoken, and it was a thousand times worse than the Eff Word. ‘Witch,’ Momma whispered. ‘It says in the Lord’s Book: â€Å"Thou shalt not suffer a witch to bye.† Your father did the Lord’s work-‘ ‘I don’t want to talk about that,’ Carrie said. It always disturbed her to hear Momma talk about her father. ‘I just want you to understand that things are going to change around here, Momma.’ Her eyes gleamed. ‘They better understand it, too.’ But Momma was whispering to herself again. Unsatisfied, with a feeling of anticlimax in her throat and the dismal rolling of emotional upset in her belly, she went to the cellar to get her dress material. It was better than the closet. There was that. Anything was better than the closet with its blue light and the overpowering stench of sweat and her own sin. Anything. Everything. She stood with the wrapped package hugged against her breast and closed her eyes, shutting out the weak glow of the cellar’s bare, cobweb-festooned bulb. Tommy Ross didn’t love her, she knew that. This was some strange kind of atonement, and she could understand that and respond to it. She had lain cheek and jowl with the concept of penance since she had been old enough to reason. He had said it would be good-that they would see to it. Well, she would see to it. They better not start anything. They just better not. She did not know if her gift had come from the lord of light or of darkness, and now, finally finding that she did not care which, she was overcome with an almost indescribable relief, as if a huge weight, long carried, had slipped from her shoulders. Upstairs, Momma continued to whisper. It was not the Lord’s Prayer. It was the Prayer of Exorcism from Deuteronomy. From My Name Is Susan Snell (p. 23): They finally even made a movie about it. I saw it last April. When I came out, I was sick. Whenever anything important happens in America, they have to gold-plate it, like baby shoes. That way you can forget it. And forgetting Carrie White may be a bigger mistake than anyone realizes †¦ Monday morning: Principal Grayle and his understudy, Pete Morton, were having coffee in Grayle’s office. ‘No word from Hargensen yet?’ Morty asked. His lips curled into a John Wayne leer that was a little frightened around the edges. ‘Not a peep. And Christine has stopped lipping off about how her father is going to send us down the road.’ Grayle blew on his coffee with a long face. ‘You don’t exactly seem to be turning cartwheels.’ ‘I’m not. Did you know Carrie White is going to the prom?’ Morty blinked. ‘With who? The Beak?’ The Beak was Freddy Holt, another of Ewen’s misfits. He weighed perhaps one hundred pounds soaking wet, and the casual observer might be tempted to believe that sixty of it was nose. ‘No,’ Grayle said. ‘With Tommy Ross.’ Morty swallowed his coffee the wrong way and went into a coughing fit. ‘That’s the way I felt,’ Grayle said. ‘What about his girl friend? The little Snell girl?’ I think she put him up to it,’ Grayle said. ‘She certainly seemed guilty enough about what happened to Carrie when I talked to her. Now she’s on the Decoration Committee, happy as a clam, just as if not going to her Senior prom was nothing at all.’ ‘Oh,’ Morty said wisely. ‘And Hargensen – I think he must have talked to some people and discovered we really could sue him on behalf of Carrie White if we wanted to. I think he’s cut his losses. It’s the daughter that’s worrying me.’ ‘Do you think there’s going to be an incident Friday night?’ ‘I don’t know. I do know Chris has got a lot of friends who are going to be there. And she’s going around with that Billy Nolan mess; he’s got a zooful of friends, too. The kind that make a career out of scaring pregnant ladies. Chris Hargensen has him tied around her finger, from what I’ve heard.’ ‘Are you afraid of anything specific?’ Grayle made a restless gesture. ‘Specific? No. But I’ve been in the game long enough to know it’s a bad situation. Do you remember the Stadler game in seventy-six?’ Morty nodded. It would take more than the passage of three years to obscure the memory of the Ewen-Stadler game. Bruce Trevor had been a marginal student but a fantastic basketball player. Coach Gaines didn’t like him, but Trevor was going to put Ewen in the area tournament for the first time in ten years. He was cut from the team a week before Ewen’s but must-win game against the Stadler Bobcats. A regular announced locker inspection had uncovered a kilo of marijuana behind Trevor’s civic book. Ewen lost the game – and their shot at the tourney – 104-48. But no one remembered that; what they remembered was the riot that had interrupted the game in the fourth period. Led by Bruce Trevor, who righteously claimed he had been bum rapped, it resulted in four hospital admissions. One of them had been the Stadler coach, who had been hit over the head with a first-aid kit. ‘I’ve got that kind of feeling,’ Grayle said. ‘A hunch. Someone’s going to come with rotten apples or something.’ ‘Maybe you’re psychic,’ Morty said. From The Shadow Exploded (pp. 92-93): It is now generally agreed that the TK phenomenon is a geneticrecessive occurrence – but the opposite of a disease like haemophilia, which becomes overt only in males. In that disease, once called ‘King’s Evil,’ the gene is recessive in the female and is carried harmlessly. Male offspring, however, are ‘bleeders.’ This disease is generated only if an afflicted male marries a woman carrying the recessive gene. If the offspring of such union is male, the result will be a haemophiliac son. If the offspring is female, the result will be a daughter who is a carrier. It should be emphasized that the haemophilia gene may be carried recessively in the male as a part of his genetic make-up. But if he marries a woman with the same outlaw gene, the result will be haemophilia if the offspring is male. In the case of royal families, where intermarriage was common, the chances of the gene reproducing once it entered the family tree were high – thus the name King’s Evil. Haemophilia also showed up in significant quantities in Appalachia during the earlier part of this century, and is commonly noticed in those cultures where incest and the marriage of first cousins is common. With the TK phenomenon, the male appears to be the carrier.. the TK gene may be recessive in the female, but dominates only in the female. It appears that Ralph White carried the gene. Margaret Brigham, by purest name, also carried the outlaw gene sign, but we may be fairly confident that it was recessive, as no information has ever been found to indicate that she had telekinetic powers resembling her daughter’s. Investigations are now being conducted into the life of Margaret Brigham’s grandmother, Sadie Cochran – for, if the dominant/recessive pattern obtains with TK as it does with haemophilia, Mrs Cochran must have been TK-dominant. If the issue of the White marriage had been male, the result would have been another carrier. Chances that the mutation would have died with him would have been excellent, as neither side of the Ralph White – Margaret Brigham alliance had cousins of a comparable age for the theoretical male offspring to marry. And the chances of meeting and marrying another woman with TK gene at random would be small. None of the teams working on the problem have yet isolated the gene. Surely no one can doubt, in light of the Maine holocaust, that isolating this gene must become one of medicine’s number-one priorities. The haemophiliac, or H-gene, produces male issue with a lack of blood platelets. The telekineticn or TK-gene, produces female Typhoid Marys capable of destroying almost at will †¦ Wednesday afternoon. Susan and fourteen other students – The Spring Ball Decoration Committee, no less – were working on the huge mural that would hang behind the twin bandstand on Friday night. The theme was Springtime in Venice (who picked thew hokey themes, Sue wondered. She had been a student at Ewen for four years, had after two Balls, and she still didn’t know. Why did the goddam thing need a theme, anyway? Why not just have a sock hop and be done with W): George Chizmar, Ewen’s most artistic student, had done a small chalk sketch of gondolas on a canal at sunset and a gondolier in a huge straw fedora leaning against the tiller as a gorgeous panoply of pinks and reds and oranges stained both sky and water. It was beautiful, no doubt about that. He had redrawn it in silhouette on a huge fourteen-by-twenty-foot canvas flat, numbering the various sections to go with the various chalk hues. Now the Committee was patiently colouring it in, like children crawling over a huge p age in a giant’s colouring book. Still, Sue thought, looking at her hands and forearms, both heavily dusted with pink chalk, it was going to be the prettiest prom ever. Next to her, Helen Shyres sat up on her haunches, stretched, and groaned as her back popped. She brushed a hank of hair from her forehead with the back of her hand, leaving a rose-coloured smear. ‘How in hell did you talk me into this?’ ‘You want it to be nice, don’t you?’ Sue mimicked Miss Geer, the spinster chairman (apt enough term for Miss Mustache) of the Decoration Committee. ‘Yeah, but why not the refreshment Committee or the Entertainment Committee? Less back, more mind. The mind, that’s my area. Besides, you’re not even -‘ She bit down on the words. ‘Going?’ Susan shrugged and picked up her chalk again. She had a monstrous writer’s cramp. ‘No, but I still want it to be nice.’ She added shyly: ‘Tommy’s going.’ They worked in silence for a bit, and then Helen stopped again. No one was near them; the closest was Holly Marshall, on the other end of the mural, colouring the gondola’s keel. ‘Can I ask you about it, Sue?’ Helen asked finally. ‘God, everybody’s talking.’ ‘Sure.’ Sue stopped colouring and flexed her hand. ‘Maybe I ought to tell someone, just so the story stays straight. I asked Tommy to take Carrie. I’m hoping it’ll bring her out of herself a little †¦ knock down some of the barriers. I think I owe her that much.’ ‘Whom does that put the rest of us?’ Helen asked without rancour. Sue shrugged. ‘You have to make up your own mind about what we did, Helen. I’m in no position to throw stones. But I don’t want people to think I’m uh †¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ How to cite Carrie Chapter Eight, Essay examples

Kant on Mind - Action - & Ethics

Questions: 1. Describe Immanuel Kants view of the world and his perception of human nature.2. What does Immanuel Kant see as the main source of human discord? 3 paragraph.3. What is Immanuel Kants prescription for human discord? Provide an example.4. What do you see as the main strengths and weaknesses of Immanuel Kants view of human nature?5. Describe Karl Marxs concept of the world and of human nature.6. What are the causes of human suffering according to Karl Marx?7. What is Karl Marxs prescription for the alleviation of human suffering? Provide an example.8. What do you see as the main strengths and weaknesses of Karl Marxs theories of human nature? Answers: 1. Immanuel Kant is considered as one of the greatest philosopher in western tradition. His contribution to ethics, epistemology and aesthetics had impact on every philosophical movement that followed him. A fundamental aspect of Kants philosophy was to describe scientific knowledge is possible. Kant argued that science depends on specific fundamental proposition. These principles cannot be proved empirically at the same time these principles are not tautologies either. In Kants view, they are priori proposition whose predicate concept is not remain contained in its subject concept but related and justification of the proposition does not depend upon experience. Kant was mainly focused in reconciling religion and morality with science. Kant perceptual knowledge of human nature depends upon the interaction between sensory states and incident outside the mind. According to Kant, the principles of human actions are far important than the exact result of the action itself. Since, if individuals are motivated by correct principles then he/she will exhibit ethical behavior. However, Kants state that human actions need to have universality. The essence of the theory is to never lie for greater future. Kant contrasts that reason demands that everyone will be moral. According to him, rational person should confirm their wills to the law of moral. Being moral is about having right intension and has nothing to do with the consequences of their other actions. In case of immorality, Kant believes that people freely choose to neglect their duty on one hand but at the same time, the propensity to evil is innate somehow (Saunders and Joe). 2. Kant has discussed the in definability of human nature in an effective manner. Kant has proposed a question about the nature of human being. He discussed the theory at the very centre of the philosophy. However, he never tried to provide a systematic answer to it. Kant has discussed that the peculiar characteristics of human species are indefinable. As per Kants theory, human nature is predispositions. He rejects the traditional definition of human being as he does not agree with the fact that human comes from animal rationale. Moreover, he discovers that rational capacities that facilitate them in opening our nature to modification by being the source of perfectibility. He analyses the reason that human capacity for an indeterminate mode of life is openended and self devised. On the contrary, the life of other animal is fixed for them by instinct. Therefore, the traditional definition suggests a confession that the human nature is in principle indefinable. The major difficulty of anthropology lies in regularities in individuals behavior that might also be indicative to human nature as such. Kant observed that major regularities of peoples behavior are because of their habit. However, habits describe only about how an individual going to react in a familiar situation. Still consider humans in several situations, different circumstances exhibits different habits of an individual. Further, habits have to be ambiguous if individuals have to perform one of their necessary psychic functions. Kants skepticism regarding human discord contains two factors. First, Kant has doubt regarding the capacity to study human nature. Kant seems to believe that psychological explanations will never be greater than conjectural or hypothetical. Kant also has doubts are about the principles of the anthropology. Since he believes that, everyone knows about the human nature gives their reason for disturbing their abilities to know themselves. 3. The problem indicating the character of human species is insoluble as e solution made based on the comparison of two species of rational being. However, experience does not indulge with the solution. Kant clearly believes in intelligent extraterrestrial life that indicates the fact about the fantasy of human exceptionalism. At one point, Kant briefly compares humans with as the possible rational being on the planet. He has explained that predicting the human nature is the most difficult task. The reason for the difficulties of predicting human nature is lack of empirical evidence of the specific natures of rational being. However, the comparison between humans and other terrestrial being could be conducted in an effective manner. On the other hand, Kants comparison between human beings and animals is naturalistic and biologically based. Kant always thinks differently about the nature of human species. For example, Wilson and other contemporary biology oriented theorist have the te ndency to see only continuities between human s and other animals. However, Kant suggests the fundamental discontinuities between the human and other animals. Kant has argued that human are not inherently rational. However, they have the capacity to become rational in the society. Kant has described that humans have strong tendency to disguise or conceal the truth about them. If humans notice that someone is observing him, then that individual either feel embarrassed or unable to show what he actually is. Hence, to understand humans true nature, Kant prescribed to observe peoples unconscious behavior. Therefore, Kants view that individual is psychologically opaque to themselves and to others has very little to do with their metaphysical postulate of freedom and many more things to do with several set of ideas usually associated with later thinkers. This is because Kant thinks that humans have tendency to make their representation obscure by letting them into unconsciousness. Kant thinks that an ideal example of this is the way humans deal with sexual desires and thoughts (Louden and Robert). 4. Kants theory gives moral laws and regulation that can be valid worldwide. Kant has a conception about human nature to an extent. According to him, the fundamental to the conception of humans having a collective history, which is to make them free and in this conception a strong feeling to struggle against their propensities to self-conceit, unsociability and inequality towards a universal free community in which every human being is striving in to a realm of ends. Kants this conception about human nature is authentically enlightenment. Kants philosophy as a whole is probably the most characteristic product of the social and intellectual movement, commonly as The Enlightenment. It is a unique source for all progressive action and thought. Weak terminology like a historical and individualistic can have many senses. Kant responds against the nature of human being was fundamental to all of his philosophy. Kants typical thought of Enlightenment is for defending the dignity and rights of individual human being. Kant has respect for human life. It holds as one of the important aspect of his theory. This ethical theory highlights most of the international laws. This theory also provides foundation for current conceptions of justice and equality. This theory also provides a basic human right theory. Kant theory is not overloaded with emotion. It also does not allow any favoritism for any close friends. This theory has standard objective is free from individuals own culture bias and interests. Inflexibility is an issue with Kants theory. There are many situations occurs where people think that is better to break rule than to remain in this theory. Some philosophers are also questioned the moral laws of Kants theory. Since, they does not relate with the objective of the morality. According to Kant, animal does not have any intrinsic value, which many environmentalists believe is wrong and dangerous. Some criticized the claim of duty of priority. Kants theory ask everyone to follow it, as it like a universal rule. Kant have faith in reattribute justice. It does not allow any mercy. Many believe that this might have immense negative impact on the society (Franke, Mark). 5. Marxs theory regarding estrangement is directly rooted in his theory of human nature. Marxs biological model of human nature describes the way human species are different from other animals in a very general way. Marx held a consistent assumption that human nature is expressed in a drive to spontaneously and able to produce products in a manner that is conductive to individual and social satisfaction. Marx theory implies that individual satisfaction comes in the form of others satisfaction. Alienation posits theory of Marx implies that the human is alienated from the production process, product, fellow people and from himself. If there is no sense of self then the final moment of alienation will eventually become nonsensical. Marx historical model argues Benthams Normal Man concept. Historical model points out those properties that are subjected to change. According to Marx, if a man is confronted by himself then the other man will confront him as well. According to Marx, one element will determine where an individual stands in the social class hierarchy. Still Marx does make distinction between Entausserung and Entfremdung. However, in human nature this distinction is very little but it is an important one which Marx tries to describe in his theory. 6. According to Marx, every criticism starts with the criticism of religion. This is often considered as the starting position that ends with a view that religion is optimum for the people. Marx stated that the religion is the sigh of the creature in a hostile world. The description of the religion as the heart of this heartless world thus eventually becomes a critique of religion, as it exists. Even though actions and understanding is closely linked in Marx theory. Marx took idealistic and Hegelian approach and added in a materialistic grounding from Feuerbach. For him religion is the most divine feeling in a man. Marx synthesis of debate between Feuerbach and Hegel is to agree with them but to turn both of them upside down. Thus, Marx was able to launch the Communist Manifesto with the intention that the history of all existing is the story of struggles. For Marx, this was a real factor of history; struggles between real classes that produced historical outcomes which again went on to become new struggles. Marx thought of leaving humans in Buddhas family is because he thought it might change peoples materialistic conditions and might minimize their suffering. According to Marx, religion is merely a temporary painkiller that everyone needs to take until everyone get a better world that does not require it. Marx explains that human suffering will not end by changing world but by changing themselves. 7. Human suffering is something that always present in the society. Although the suffering may take different forms several societal and historical contexts, there are lots of elements of suffering. Rightly, Marx saw religion as one of the major social structures contributing to humanitys current and deplored state of affairs. Marx bought Enlightenment notion of progress. Marx theory tries to develop a society where everybody in the society helps each other to reduce the human suffering (Kitching and Gavin). Marx perception of materialism is the understanding the societys reality. In this theory, capitalism philosophy is grounded in both materialist and dialectical. As a materialist, Marx not agrees with the existence of the God. Yet he felt that humanities destiny is still have hope. Marx believes that the proletariat revolution is a key. Marx theory encourages people especially from the lower class to work hard to overcome their insufficient economical condition. According to Marx, world system was inherently unfair. As in this society, nobody has any concern about the other individuals. Marx viewed that socialism is the major factor of this heartless society. Hence, Marx prescribed capitalism so that world can be a society where everyone took care of others (Veblen and Thorstein). 8. The main strength of Marxism is a theoretical one. This theory explains a humane way to run an entire society. In Marx society, everyone will help each other and nobody will remain poor in the entire society. Marx theory helps to raise increase awareness on everyones mind. Specially, for those peoples who belong to the lower class of the society, Marx theory is influential. Since it gives them the believe that they could get rid of their uncondussive and poor life. However, main weakness of Marx theorys major weakness is that it does not go with the real life situation. Since, this theory does not take into account the necessary selfishness and greediness of human being. Marx relies on individual to work extremely hard just to become rich from their efforts. However, the real world situation is somewhat different from this. Marxs economy is also always have been unproductive and inefficient (Berlin and Isaiah). Marx also failed to consider ecological sustainability in his theory. According to Marx, capitalism is the cause of all major problems. In other words, Marx theory has no idea about the limit of growth concept. Marxist idea about changing society is also highly criticized by Anarchists. It also failed to consider the unacceptable dangers in taking an authoritarian centralists approach. Since, it is very much possible that those in control of the society are very likely to become a dictator. In Marx theory, too much importance is given on the economical factors in describing social change and development. References: Saunders, Joe. "Kant on Mind, Action, Ethics." (2016). Louden, Robert, et al. "Lectures on anthropology: the Cambridge edition of the works of Immanuel Kant." (2013): 1-640. Franke, Mark FN.Global limits: Immanuel Kant, international relations, and critique of world politics. SUNY Press, 2014. Berlin, Isaiah.Karl Marx. Princeton University Press, 2013. Veblen, Thorstein.The socialist economics of Karl Marx and his followers. Read Books Ltd, 2015. Kitching, Gavin.Karl Marx and the Philosophy of Praxis (RLE Marxism). Vol. 6. Routledge, 2015.